RESEARCH HUB International Multidisciplinary Research Journal

Kautilyan Economic Thought and Modern Inclusive Growth: A Political Perspective

2026-03-17T18:44:27+00:00

From a political standpoint, this study investigates the connection between Kautilyan economic theory and the modern idea of inclusive growth. In this research, I look at how Kautilya’s Arthashastra’s economic ideas offer an early theoretical foundation for comprehending social welfare, state-led development, and fair economic governance. Kautilya’s political economics exhibits a holistic worldview in which public welfare, administrative control, and economic prosperity are closely intertwined, while being developed in the setting of ancient Indian statecraft. Kautilya offers a model of governance that is highly compatible with contemporary discussions on equitable and sustainable development by highlighting the crucial role that the state plays in controlling markets, allocating resources, and guaranteeing the welfare of the populace. This essay contends that the Arthashastra’s tenets of equitable taxation, balanced economic regulation, agricultural assistance, and protection of disadvantaged populations foreshadow a number of fundamental concepts found in modern inclusive growth frameworks. This study demonstrates the ongoing significance of ancient Indian political thinking for contemporary policy discourse by a critical examination of Kautilya’s opinions on economic management, social justice, and welfare-oriented governance. I argue that Kautilya’s observations provide insightful intellectual material for reconsidering the connection between political power and economic growth in the twenty-first century. This study adds to a better understanding of how moral leadership and calculated governmental intervention might support equitable and sustainable economic growth by bridging the gap between ancient political economics and modern development theory.

Role of AI Chatbots in Mental Health Support

2026-03-18T17:05:52+00:00

Mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and psychological stress have become significant global public health concerns. Despite the increasing prevalence of mental health problems, access to professional mental health services remains limited due to factors such as shortage of trained professionals, financial barriers, and social stigma. Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have led to the development of AI-driven chatbots that provide digital mental health support through conversational interfaces. These chatbots use natural language processing, machine learning, and psychological frameworks such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to offer emotional assistance, self-help strategies, and mental health education. This paper examines the role of AI chatbots in supporting mental health by reviewing recent research on digital mental health technologies. The study analyzes the benefits of AI chatbots, including accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and anonymity, while also discussing key limitations such as ethical concerns, data privacy issues, and limited emotional intelligence. Recent studies indicate that AI chatbots can help reduce symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression by providing continuous and personalized support. However, researchers emphasize that AI chatbots should function as complementary tools rather than replacements for professional therapists. The paper concludes that while AI chatbots have significant potential to improve accessibility to mental health services, careful regulation, technological improvements, and ethical considerations are necessary to ensure safe and effective use.

A Critical Review of Hume and Kant’s Concept of Causation

2026-03-19T02:38:06+00:00

This paper presents a critical review of the concepts of causation as developed by Hume and Kant. In Western philosophy, the principle of causation has held a central place, and the ideas of Hume and Kant have been especially influential in this regard. Hume, from an empiricist perspective, analyzes causation and argues that our knowledge of cause and effect is not derived from reason or any innate insight, but is formed in the mind through experience, habit, and custom. According to him, we do not directly perceive any necessary connection between events; rather, the mind develops a habit due to the constant conjunction of events, and on that basis, a causal relationship is assumed. On the other hand, Kant considers causation to be an a priori principle and asserts that the rule of causation is necessary for the determination of objective sequence and certainty in experience. According to Kant, the statement “every event has a cause” is a synthetic a priori proposition that functions as a precondition for experience. Thus, while Hume explains causation as a psychological habit of the mind, Kant establishes it as a necessary precondition of experience.

Abstract in Hindi Language: यह लेख ह्युम और कान्ट के कार्यकारण संबंधी विचारों की समीक्षा प्रस्तुत करता है। पाश्चात्य तत्त्वचिंतन में कार्यकारण का सिद्धांत अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण रहा है और इस विषय में ह्युम तथा कान्ट के चिंतन ने विशेष स्थान प्राप्त किया है। ह्युम अनुभववादी दृष्टिकोण से कार्यकारण का विश्लेषण करते हुए यह बताते हैं कि कार्यकारण का ज्ञान तर्क या अंतःस्फुरित ज्ञान से प्राप्त नहीं होता, बल्कि अनुभव, आदत और परंपरा के आधार पर मन में बनता है। उनके अनुसार घटनाओं के बीच अनिवार्य संबंध का प्रत्यक्ष अनुभव नहीं होता, बल्कि मन घटनाओं के सतत अनुक्रम के कारण एक आदत विकसित कर लेता है और उसी के आधार पर कार्यकारण का संबंध मान लिया जाता है। दूसरी ओर कान्ट कार्यकारण को प्रागानुभविक सिद्धांत मानते हैं और कहते हैं कि वास्तविक अनुक्रम तथा अनुभव की निश्चितता के लिए कार्यकारण का नियम अनिवार्य है। कान्ट के अनुसार 'प्रत्येक घटना का कारण होता है' यह संश्लेषक प्रागानुभविक विधान है, जो अनुभव की पूर्वशर्त के रूप में कार्य करता है। इस प्रकार ह्युम का चिंतन कार्यकारण को मनोवैज्ञानिक आदत के रूप में स्पष्ट करता है जबकि कान्ट कार्यकारण को अनुभव की अनिवार्य पूर्वशर्त के रूप में स्थापित करते हैं।

Keywords: कार्यकारण, ह्युम, कान्ट, अनुभववाद, संशयवाद, अज्ञेयवाद, प्रागानुभविक

Farmers’ Awareness of Government Schemes and Its Impact on Income Growth: A Survey Study of Bhagalpur District

2026-03-19T13:02:39+00:00

Farmers’ awareness of government schemes plays a pivotal role in enhancing agricultural productivity and income growth in rural India. Over the years, the Government of India has introduced several welfare and support schemes such as PM-KISAN, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), Kisan Credit Card (KCC), and the Soil Health Card Scheme to improve farmers’ financial security and agricultural efficiency. However, the effectiveness of these initiatives is largely determined by the level of awareness among farmers. Reports such as the Economic Survey (2025–26) and the NABARD All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS 2022) indicate that awareness significantly affects both the adoption of these schemes and farmers’ access to institutional benefits like credit, insurance, and subsidies. This study focuses on Bhagalpur district of Bihar to examine the relationship between farmers’ awareness and income growth. Based on secondary data from government reports, research studies, and regional observations, the findings reveal that farmers who are well-informed about government schemes are more likely to utilize them efficiently. This leads to better financial stability, timely agricultural investment, and improved productivity. Consequently, these farmers experience higher and more stable income levels compared to those with limited awareness. However, the study also highlights certain challenges, including low digital literacy, lack of effective extension services, and procedural complexities, which hinder the full utilization of these schemes. Therefore, improving awareness through targeted interventions is essential for maximizing the benefits of government schemes and ensuring sustainable agricultural development in regions like Bhagalpur.

Gender, Genre and the Globe: The Emergence of British Women's Writing on India in the Long Eighteenth Century

2026-03-22T06:08:59+00:00

The paper examines the emergence of British women’s writing on India during the long eighteenth century and explores how gender, genre, and global imperial expansion shaped their literary production. The period witnessed the gradual participation of women writers in travel writing, memoirs, letters, and fictional narratives. Despite facing social and institutional restrictions that limited women’s access to formal literary and intellectual spaces, several British women authors produced texts that documented their experiences, observations, and interpretations of Indian society, culture, and colonial life. These writings not only contributed to the growing body of colonial knowledge about India but also reflected the complex negotiations of gendered authority within imperial discourse. By situating these works within the historical context of the long eighteenth century, this paper traces the conditions that enabled women’s authorship while also highlighting the constraints imposed by patriarchal norms and publishing practices. It further analyses how women writers employed particular genres—especially travel narratives, epistolary accounts, and domestic memoirs—to articulate perspectives that differed from male colonial narratives. Ultimately, the paper argues that British women’s writing on India played a significant role in shaping early transnational literary exchanges and offers valuable insight into the intersections of gender, empire, and literary form in the eighteenth-century global context.